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 Lesson 10

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Lesson 10 Empty
MesajKonu: Lesson 10   Lesson 10 Icon_minitimeSalı 18 Kas. 2008, 17:21

Grammer

Verbs that take a grammatical object.

person wa noun o verb.
ex. Sakura-san wa eiga o mimasu. - Ms. Sakura will see a movie.

The particle o.
Placed after a noun, o indicates that the noun is the object of the sentences. O is used with verbs like mimasu(see), yomimasu(read), nomimasu(drink), kaimasu(buy), and a host of others.

person 1 wa person 2 ni verb

ex. Sakura-san wa Tanaka-san ni aimasu. Ms. Sakura will meet Mr. Tanaka.

The particle ni
The particle ni can also serve as an object marker, as in the example here, where Mr. Tanaka is the object of the verb aimasu(meet). Essentially, ni indicates the person or thing an action is directed at.

person 1 wa person2/place ni noun o verb.
ex. Sakura-san wa Tanaka-san ni tegami o kakimashita. - Ms. Sakura wrote a letter to Mr. Tanaka.
Sakura-san wa taishikan ni tegami o kakimashita. - Ms. Sakura wrote a letter to the embassy.

The particle ni.
With verbs like tegami o kakimasu (write a letter), nimotsu o okurimasu (send luggage), and denwa o shimasu (to phone/call), ni indicates the receiver of the action. In English, the receiver correspond to the indirect object.

Vocabulary.

asa-gohan: breakfast
hiru-gohan: lunch
ban-gohan: dinner
koohii: coffee
koocha: tea
o-cha: green tea
sake: sake (japanese rice wine)
suupu: soup
miruku: milk
gyu nyu: cow milk
gyu niku: beef
juusu: juice
sandoitchi: sandwich
sarada: salad

--------- /dictionary form : is the form that is listed in the dictionary. So when you want to look up for a translation of a verb you wont be finding it in -masu form, which we have been practicing so far. This form is less polite then -masu form and is used when politeness is not neccessery like when your talking to a friend, family etc.
tabemasu/taberu: eat
nomimasu/nomu: drink
kaimasu/kau: buy
yomimasu/yomu: read
kikimasu/kiku: listen(to), ask
mimasu/miru: see
tenisu o shimasu/suru: play tennis
benkyoo o shimasu/suru: study
kaimono o shimasu/suru: shop
shigoto o shimasu/suru: work
sampo o shimasu/suru: go for a walk
gorufu o shimasu/suru: play golf

=====Present form ========== Past Form =======
--------- aff. ---------- neg. ----------- aff. --------- neg.
eat : tabemasu - tabemasen - tabemashita - tabemasendeshita
drink:nomimasu - nomimasen - nomimashita - nomimasendeshita
buy :kaimasu - kaimasen - kaimashita - kaimasendeshita
read:yomimasu- yomimasen-yomimashita - yomimasendeshita
listen(to):kikimasu - kikimasen - kikimashita - kikimasendeshita
see: mimasu -mimasen - mimashita - mimasendeshita
do : shimasu- shimasen - shimashita - shimasendeshita


mainichi: every day
maiasa: every morning
maiban: every evening
maishuu: every week
maigatsu: every month
mainen: every year

ongaku: music
suteeki: steak
baa: bar
toshokan: library
supootsu kurabu: gym, exercise club
supootsu: sport(s)
kurabu: club
inu: dog
yasai-juusu: vegetable juice
yasai: vegetable
okusan: (another person's) wife
tenisu-kooto: tennis court

Ms. Sakura and Mr. Miyagi are talking about theri plans for the weekend.

Miyagi: Shuumatsu ni nani o shimasu ka.
Sakura: Do-yoobi ni tomodachi to Kabuki o mimasu.
Miyagi: Soo desu ka.
Sakura: Miyagi-san wa?
Miyagi: Nichi-yoobi ni Ginza de Tanaka-san to tempura o tabemasu.
Sakura: ii desu ne.
Sakura san wa do-yoobi ni tomadachi to Kabuki o mimasu. Miyagi-san wa nichi-yoobi ni Ginza de Tanaka-san to tempura o tabemasu.


Miyagi: What are you going to do during the weekend?
Sakura: i'm going to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday.
Miyagi: Oh, really.
Sakura: What about you?
Miyagi: i'm going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Tanaka on Sunday.
Sakura: Sounds good.
Ms. Sakura is goint to see Kabuki with a friend on Saturday. Mr. Miyagi is going to eat tempura in Ginza with Mr. Tanaka on Sunday.

Kabuki: a traditional form of theater
tempura: deepfried seafood/vegetables
de: particle indicating the location where an action takes place.

Ginza de Tanaka-san to empura o tabemasu.
Nouns and place names concerned with actions such as where things are bought, seen, eaten, sold and son on take the particle de.
ex. Sakura-san wa kinoo resutoran de ban-gohan o tabemashita - Ms. Sakura ate dinner at a restaurant yesterday.
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